![]() In contrast, among the barbarians, all were slaves by nature. Within ancient Greek society, every Greek man was free and capable of holding office both able to rule and be ruled. Hence, fear could not be said to be its motivating force, but rather the servile nature of those enslaved, which would feed upon the power of the despot master. Aristotle asserted that oriental despotism was not based on force, but on consent. He passed this ideology to his student, Alexander the Great, who conquered the Achaemenid Empire, which at the time was ruled by the despotic Darius III, the last king of the Achaemenid dynasty. Of all the ancient Greeks, Aristotle was perhaps the most influential promoter of the concept of oriental despotism. While despot is closely related to other Greek words like basileus and autokrator, these connotations have also been used to describe a variety of rulers and governments throughout history, such as local chieftains, simple rulers, kings, and emperors. In this and other Greek or Greek influenced contexts, the term was used as an honorific rather than as a pejorative.ĭue to its reflexive connotation throughout history, the word despot cannot be objectively defined. It connoted the absolute authority and power exercised by the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, signified nobility in Byzantine courts, designated the rulers of Byzantine vassal states, and acted as a title for Byzantine Emperors. The root despot comes from the Greek word despotes, which means "one with power." The term has been used to describe many rulers and governments throughout history. In this sense, it is similar to the pejorative connotations that are associated with the terms tyrant and dictator. More specifically, the term often applies to a head of state or government. Ĭolloquially, the word despot applies pejoratively to those who use their power and authority to oppress their populace, subjects, or subordinates. Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot but (as in an autocracy) societies which limit respect and power to specific groups have also been called despotic. Despotism ( Greek: Δεσποτισμός, despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.
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